New Caledonia Advances: Greater Autonomy Secured Within French Republic
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July 13, 2025 — Paris, France — New Caledonia has taken a historic step forward by obtaining increased autonomy under a new agreement announced on July 12. The territory will now be recognized as a "State of Caledonia" within France, granting it more control over its internal affairs while remaining part of the French Republic.
A New Status with Dual Nationality
The agreement introduces a special legal framework that officially acknowledges New Caledonia’s unique identity. One of the most notable changes is the creation of a dual nationality system, allowing residents to hold both French and Caledonian citizenship. This arrangement underscores a growing recognition of New Caledonia’s distinct political and cultural status.
Gradual Sovereignty Transfers on the Horizon
New Caledonia’s Congress will now have the power to propose transfers of sovereign authorities, including areas such as defense, justice, and currency. Any such transfer requires approval by the Congress and then must be ratified by a local referendum. This phased process aims to carefully balance the desire for self-rule with continued ties to France.
Electoral Inclusion Expanded
Previously, voting rights in provincial elections were limited to those who had lived in New Caledonia since 1998. The new agreement expands suffrage to all residents with a minimum of 15 years’ continuous residency, a change designed to foster greater political representation and inclusivity.
Economic Growth and Nickel Industry Focus
Economic development is a key pillar of the agreement, especially efforts to boost New Caledonia’s vital nickel sector. The plan seeks to stimulate sustainable growth and job creation, particularly targeting economically disadvantaged areas in the north of the territory. This is part of a broader aim to strengthen local economic independence.
Ratification Set for 2026 Referendum
The agreement will be put to a referendum in New Caledonia, anticipated in early 2026. If endorsed by voters, the new autonomous status will be incorporated into the French Constitution, marking a milestone in the territory’s political evolution.
This agreement represents a major milestone in New Caledonia’s pursuit of greater autonomy, balancing its aspirations for self-determination with continued partnership within the French Republic.
